Flower making was at its height during the 19th Century then has steadily declined since the First World War. Clients for flowers would have included fashion houses, milliners, theatres, opera houses etc. Many women and children would have worked from home making flowers on a piece rate.
Flowers are still made for specialist, bespoke milliners and fashion houses but the majority are imported from overseas.
John Groom
John Groom’s Association for Disabled People, originally established in the late 19th century, made a significant impact by providing meaningful employment and social opportunities to individuals with disabilities through flower-making. This initiative began as a workshop where disabled people, often marginalized by society, could craft delicate artificial flowers, which were popular decorative items during the Victorian era. The workshop offered not only a source of income but also a community and sense of purpose for its participants. Over time, John Groom’s Association expanded its scope, pioneering efforts to improve the quality of life for disabled people, but flower-making remained a symbol of its early dedication to empowerment and inclusion.
Flower Makers Museum
The Flower Makers Museum in Hastings displays the equipment, inventory and stock of the Shirley Leaf and Petal Company which manufactures silk flowers and leaves for shop displays, weddings, confectionary, Christmas crackers, and Remembrance Day poppies.
Brenda Wilson is owner of the Shirley Leaf and Petal Company. She started putting the museum together in 1991 (it opened in 1993). Wilson was motivated to open a museum in order to highlight the difficult life of homeworkers in the past. The company started in Bow, East London and later moved to Hastings, using homeworkers in both locations. https://www.bishopsgate.org.uk/collections/flower-makers-museum
Somebana techniques
Many makers in the UK and Europe now use Japanese-inspired somebana techniques to make fabric flowers. Each flower is unique and often considered a collectible or luxury item.
The process of making somebana starts with plain white or neutral-coloured fabric, typically silk or cotton, which is hand-dyed to create natural-looking gradients and subtle variations in tone. Each flower component—petals, leaves, and stems—is individually cut and shaped using heated tools and special moulds. These tools help give the fabric pieces the realistic curves, curls, and textures seen in natural flowers.
Related crafts
Training and recruitment issues: There is very little in the way of training available
Skills issues: Many of the specialist skills and techniques have been lost, such as wax dipping and hand painting flowers which are no longer practised
Market issues: The market has reduced although there is still a demand from theatre and opera companies. There is a general lack of public awareness and appreciation of handmade flowers.
Much of the market for artificial flowers has been replaced by cheaper imports of artificial flowers from lower wage economies. Contemporary makers therefore have to make their flowers distinctive or innovative in order to compete and command higher prices for bespoke work.
Supply of raw materials, allied materials and tools: The trade is limited by the availability of the vintage tools and equipment. These would have been made for each individual flower and many are no longer being manufactured.
There are some specialist components for flower making that are no longer manufactured.
Small business issues: The businesses that make flowers suffer from many pressures facing small businesses including managing and maintaining premises, wage costs and finding time to devote to finding new markets, networking, building capacity etc.
Ageing workforce: The makers with the higher level skills tend to be older
The archive of samples and tools at the Flower Makers Museum is at risk due to the nature of being a small, private museum with limited resources.
Short courses and workshops
Makers using traditional flower irons
Bespoke flower makers using a range of techniques
Businesses employing two or more makers
Flower tool makers
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